{"id":62,"date":"2024-12-05T09:20:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-05T06:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/?p=62"},"modified":"2024-12-05T09:26:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-05T06:26:03","slug":"trabzon-imparatorlugu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/?p=62","title":{"rendered":"Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong>&nbsp;ya da&nbsp;<strong>Tzaniti (Lazistan) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yunanca\">Yunanca<\/a>:&nbsp;\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, baz\u0131 kesimler taraf\u0131ndan bilinen halk dilindeki ad\u0131yla&nbsp;<em>Trabzon &#8220;Rum&#8221; \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/em>),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orta_%C3%87a%C4%9F\">Orta \u00c7a\u011f<\/a>&#8216;da&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Do%C4%9Fu_Karadeniz\">Do\u011fu Karadeniz<\/a>&#8216;de kurulmu\u015f yerel krall\u0131k.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%B6rd%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1_Seferi\">D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi<\/a>&nbsp;s\u0131ras\u0131nda&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8216;nun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015f (Mart\/Nisan 1204) ve 257 y\u0131l boyunca&nbsp;<em>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roma_%C4%B0mparatoru\">Roma \u0130mparatoru<\/a>&#8220;<\/em> olarak Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Genelde Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olarak bilinen devletin s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan 3 ismi vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0130mparatorluk Trabzon merkezli oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Orta \u00c7a\u011f&#8217;da \u00fcnl\u00fc olan ba\u015fkentinin ad\u0131yla yani &#8220;Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bizans tarih\u00e7isi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yeoryos_Pahimeris\">Yeoryos Pahimeris<\/a>&nbsp;taraf\u0131ndan &#8220;Laz S\u0131n\u0131r Devleti&#8221; olarak an\u0131lan \u00fclke topraklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6neticileri de &#8220;Laz Krallar\u0131&#8221; olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sel%C3%A7uklu_Hanedan%C4%B1\">Sel\u00e7uklu Hanedan\u0131<\/a>taraf\u0131ndan Tzanika\/Canik Kral\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Trabzon \u0130mparatorlar\u0131, Tarih\u00e7i&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0bn_B%C3%AEb%C3%AE\">\u0130bni Bibi<\/a>&nbsp;taraf\u0131ndan &#8220;Tzaniti Krallar\u0131&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Caniti\/Tzaniti: Tzan (Laz ulusal ismi) + iti (Lazca&#8217;da \u00fclke, toprak belirten son ek) yani&nbsp;<em>Lazistan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em>&nbsp;anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Devlet kurucu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Komninos_Hanedan%C4%B1\">Komninos Hanedan\u0131<\/a>&#8216;n\u0131n ad\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Komninos_Hanedan%C4%B1\">Komnenos \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8221; olarak da an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baz\u0131 kesimler taraf\u0131ndan Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;na Trabzon &#8220;Rum&#8221; \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da ger\u00e7ekte ne imparatorluk kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda ne de di\u011fer \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f kay\u0131tlarda b\u00f6yle bir adland\u0131rma olmay\u0131p bu s\u00f6ylem 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda siyasi ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 en geni\u015f oldu\u011fu zamanda bat\u0131da&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karadeniz_Ere%C4%9Fli\">Karadeniz Ere\u011fli<\/a>&#8216;sinden do\u011fuda&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fasis_(%C5%9Fehir)\">Fasis<\/a>&#8216;e do\u011fru uzanan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1000&#8217;kmlik sahil \u015feridine yay\u0131l\u0131yordu. Karadeniz&#8217;in kuzeyinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rusya\">Rusya<\/a>&nbsp;dahilinde bulunan&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K%C4%B1r%C4%B1m\">K\u0131r\u0131m<\/a>&#8216;daki Kherson ve Ker\u00e7 topraklar\u0131 da Trabzon kontrol\u00fcndeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130mparatorluk topraklar\u0131 geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 tar\u0131ma m\u00fcsaade etmeyen da\u011fl\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya sahipti. Fakat transit ticarette \u00f6nemli bir konumda bulunan topraklar tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli olmasa da da\u011fl\u0131k ve ormanl\u0131k arazisinden dolay\u0131 savunma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan avantajl\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, genellikle kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 muharebelerde etkisiz olsa da tamamen savunmac\u0131 bir d\u0131\u015f politika izlemekteydi. Bu ba\u011flamda&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Bizans<\/a>&#8216;\u0131n Ge\u00e7 D\u00f6nemine benzemektedir. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f topraklara sahip olan Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u015fehirlerini ve kasabalar\u0131n\u0131, da\u011flara s\u0131zabilen \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc T\u00fcrkmenler i\u015fgal etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1204 &#8211; 1211:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantinopolis\">Konstantinopolis<\/a>&#8216;in d\u00fc\u015fmesinden sonra G\u00fcrc\u00fc deste\u011fi ile&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paflagonya_(thema)\">Paflangonya<\/a>ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haldia\">Haldia<\/a>&nbsp;\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na girdi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1212:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karadeniz_Ere%C4%9Fli\">Herakleia<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amasra\">Amastris<\/a>&#8216;in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0znik_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">\u0130znik \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8216;na kal\u0131c\u0131 kayb\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1214 &#8211; 1254:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinop\">Sinope<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samsun\">Amisos<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9Cnye\">Oinaion<\/a>&#8216;nun&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anadolu_Sel%C3%A7uklu_Devleti\">Rum Sultanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na<\/a>&nbsp;ge\u00e7ici olarak kaybedilmesi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1228 &#8211; 1230:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samsun\">Amisos<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9Cnye\">Oinaion<\/a>&#8216;nun ge\u00e7ici olarak ele ge\u00e7irilmesi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1243 &#8211; 1297:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9Cnye\">Oinaion<\/a>&#8216;nun ge\u00e7ici olarak ele ge\u00e7irilmesi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1243 &#8211; 1268:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samsun\">Amisos<\/a>&nbsp;ge\u00e7ici olarak ele ge\u00e7irildi, 1268&#8217;de kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak kaybedildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1254 &#8211; 1265:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinop\">Sinope<\/a>&nbsp;ge\u00e7ici olarak ele ge\u00e7irildi, 1265&#8217;te kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak kaybedildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1302:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giresun\">Kerasous<\/a>&nbsp;Sava\u015f\u0131, T\u00fcrkmenler&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giresun\">Kerasous<\/a>&#8216;a sald\u0131rd\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011fu topra\u011f\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9Cnye\">Oinaion<\/a>&nbsp;ge\u00e7ici olarak kaybedildi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1347 &#8211; 1358:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9Cnye\">Oinaion<\/a>&#8216;nun ge\u00e7ici kayb\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1386:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Limnia_(Orta%C3%A7a%C4%9F)\">Limnia<\/a>&#8216;n\u0131n kal\u0131c\u0131 kayb\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1396:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giresun\">Kerasous&#8217;un<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%87epniler\">\u00c7epnilere<\/a>&nbsp;kal\u0131c\u0131 kayb\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1445:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%9Cnye\">Oinaion<\/a>&#8216;nun kal\u0131c\u0131 kayb\u0131.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1461:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon\">Trapezus<\/a>&#8216;un d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1468:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giresun_Adas%C4%B1\">Kerasous Adas\u0131n\u0131n<\/a>&nbsp;d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1475:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodoro_Prensli%C4%9Fi\">Teodoro<\/a>&#8216;nun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1478:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haldia\">Haldia<\/a>&#8216;n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Devletin kurucular\u0131 olan Komninos Hanedan\u0131, General\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I._%C4%B0saakios\">\u0130saakios Komninos<\/a>\u00a0zaman\u0131nda Bizans \u0130mparatoru\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VI._Mihail\">VI. Mihail<\/a>&#8216;e darbe yaparak taht\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, 100 y\u0131ldan uzun bir s\u00fcre Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu y\u00f6netmi\u015flerdir. Fakat \u0130stanbul&#8217;un Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmesinin ard\u0131ndan Komninos Hanedan\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n \u00fcyeleri\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I._Aleksios_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">Aleksios<\/a>\u00a0ile\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_(Trabzon_ortak_imparatoru)\">David<\/a>, halalar\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc Krali\u00e7esi B\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamar\">Tamar<\/a>&#8216;\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla ata yurtlar\u0131 Karadeniz&#8217;e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Antik\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kolhis\">Kolkhis<\/a> topraklar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan Fasis&#8217;e s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan karde\u015fler daha sonra\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon\">Trabzon<\/a>&#8216;a sahip \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I. Aleksios,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCrc%C3%BCler\">G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin<\/a>&nbsp;deste\u011fiyle 1204 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda Trabzon&#8217;da imparatorlu\u011funu ilan etmi\u015ftir. Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu kurdu\u011funda 22 ya\u015f\u0131nda olan I. Aleksios burada kendisini &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roma_%C4%B0mparatoru\">Roma \u0130mparatoru<\/a>&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trabzon Ordusu&#8217;nun ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 olan Aleksios&#8217;in karde\u015fi David,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazlar\">Laz<\/a>&nbsp;ve G\u00fcrc\u00fclerden olu\u015fan ordusuyla&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paflagonya\">Paflagonya<\/a>&#8216;ya sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6ylece Karadeniz Ere\u011flisi ile&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinop\">Sinop<\/a>&nbsp;aras\u0131ndaki arazi de Trabzon topraklar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki bu geni\u015flemesi ba\u015fta Bizans&#8217;\u0131, \u0130znik \u0130mparatoru&#8217;nu ve Sel\u00e7uklu T\u00fcrklerini rahats\u0131z edince yeni sava\u015flar patlak vermi\u015f Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Sinop\u2019un do\u011fusuna geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok sava\u015fta Trabzon Ordusu&#8217;na kumanda eden David bu sava\u015flarda hen\u00fcz 20&#8217;li ya\u015flardayken can vermi\u015ftir. Sinop&#8217;ta bir ziyafet s\u0131ras\u0131nda Sel\u00e7uklular taraf\u0131ndan yakalanan a\u011fabeyi Aleksios de, ya Sinop&#8217;tan \u00e7ekilmek ya da \u00f6lmek aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmaya mecbur edilmi\u015f, Sinoplular Trabzon&#8217;a ba\u011fl\u0131 kalmak istediklerinden Aleksios \u00f6lse bile Trabzon taht\u0131n\u0131n varisleri oldu\u011funu \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek Sel\u00e7uklu hakimiyetine girmeye yana\u015fmam\u0131\u015flarsa da \u015fehir 1214 y\u0131l\u0131nda zorla ele ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir. Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun savunmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirip, Trabzon ticaretini zenginle\u015ftiren I. Aleksios; 18 y\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131k yapt\u0131ktan sonra 1222 tarihinde 40 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Cenazesi Trabzon&#8217;daki Eugene Kilisesi&#8217;ne (<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yeni_Cuma_Camii\">Yeni Cuma Camii<\/a>) defnedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Y\u00fckselme_Devri\">Y\u00fckselme Devri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I. Aleksios&#8217;tan sonra tahta ge\u00e7en&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I._Andronikos_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">I. Andronikos<\/a>&nbsp;d\u00f6neminde Sel\u00e7uklularla \u015fiddetli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sel%C3%A7uklu_Hanedan%C4%B1\">Sel\u00e7uklu Hanedan\u0131<\/a>Trabzon&#8217;u&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon_Ku%C5%9Fatmas%C4%B1_(1222-1223)\">ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015f<\/a>&nbsp;fakat geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r, m\u00fcstahkem yerlerde kurulan Sel\u00e7uklu kamplar\u0131 da&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ma%C3%A7ka\">Ma\u00e7kal\u0131<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane_(il)\">G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhaneli<\/a>&nbsp;yerliler taraf\u0131ndan bask\u0131nlara u\u011frat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trabzon \u0130mparatoru Andronikos bu zaferler onuruna s\u00fctunlar diktirmi\u015f ve kendi ad\u0131na alt\u0131n sikke bast\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Komnenos-Trebizond-Arms.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/64\/Komnenos-Trebizond-Arms.svg\/180px-Komnenos-Trebizond-Arms.svg.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun ilk d\u00f6nemlerinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bayrak.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Andronikos saltanat\u0131n\u0131 takiben&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I._%C4%B0oannis_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">I. \u0130oannis<\/a>&nbsp;ba\u015fa ge\u00e7mi\u015f onu da&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I._Manuil_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">I. Manuil<\/a>&nbsp;izlemi\u015ftir. Onun saltanat\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mo%C4%9Follar\">Mo\u011follardan<\/a>&nbsp;ka\u00e7an T\u00fcrkmenler Anadolu&#8217;ya gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. I. Manuil&#8217;in Mo\u011follarla iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmesiyle Trabzon ticari \u00f6nemini korumaya devam etmi\u015ftir.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon_Ayasofya_M%C3%BCzesi\">Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesi<\/a>&nbsp;onun d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Yine ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cenevizliler\">Ceneviz<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Venedikliler\">Venedikli<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0talyanlar\">\u0130talyanlar<\/a>Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;ndaki ticari faaliyetlerini geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Trabzon ile Sel\u00e7uklu aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara neden olan Sinop,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Georgios_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">\u0130mparator Georgios<\/a>&nbsp;taraf\u0131ndan da ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Georgios, Bizans kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 politikas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. 13. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u0130stanbul&#8217;daki Ha\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015fgali baz\u0131 a\u015famalardan sonra yerini&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paleologos_Hanedan%C4%B1\">Paleologos Hanedan\u0131<\/a>&#8216;na b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece i\u015fgalden kurtulan Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taht\u0131na&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VIII._Mihail\">VIII. Mihail<\/a>&nbsp;oturmu\u015f kendisinin yeni Roma \u0130mparatoru oldu\u011funu Trabzon&#8217;dakilerin ise Laz Krallar\u0131 olduklar\u0131 beyan\u0131nda bulunmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece Laz Kral\u0131 olarak niteledi\u011fi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/II._%C4%B0oannis_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">II. \u0130oannis<\/a>&#8216;i \u0130stanbul&#8217;a davet eden VIII. Mihail, Trabzon \u0130mparatoru&#8217;nu, k\u0131z\u0131 Eudokia ile evlendirmi\u015ftir. Ard\u0131ndan I. Manuil ile ikinci kar\u0131s\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc Prensesi Rusudan&#8217;\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodora_(Trabzon_imparatori%C3%A7esi)\">Teodora<\/a>&nbsp;bir darbeyle Trabzon taht\u0131na oturarak imparatori\u00e7e olmu\u015fsa da daha sonra II. \u0130oannis tekrar tahta ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. T\u00fcm bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda da T\u00fcrkmenler G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane&#8217;nin kuzeybat\u0131s\u0131na sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Trebizond_fortifications_1875.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/dd\/Trebizond_fortifications_1875.jpg\/220px-Trebizond_fortifications_1875.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Trabzon surlar\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu en parlak d\u00f6nemini&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/II._Aleksios_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">II. Aleksios<\/a>&nbsp;d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun d\u00f6neminde&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giresun\">Giresun<\/a>&#8216;a s\u0131zmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan T\u00fcrkmenler bu b\u00f6lgelerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.&nbsp;Ceneviz etkisini de k\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Aleksios, Venediklilerle anla\u015fmalar yaparak ticaretin Ceneviz tekeline girmesini engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun savunmas\u0131n\u0131 da artt\u0131rarak gece-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz devriye gezecek g\u00fcvenlik kuvvetleri olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Fakat II. Aleksios d\u00f6neminde&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Tzanikhiti&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Tzanikhiti<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Kamakheni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Kamakheni<\/a>&nbsp;gibi k\u00f6kl\u00fc aileler de Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun y\u00f6netimine kar\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0130\u00e7_Sava\u015flar_D\u00f6nemi\">\u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015flar D\u00f6nemi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ana madde:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon_%C4%B0%C3%A7_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1\">Trabzon \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:ByzantineEmpire1265.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9f\/ByzantineEmpire1265.svg\/300px-ByzantineEmpire1265.svg.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1265 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II. Aleksios&#8217;dan sonra tahta \u00e7\u0131kan\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/III._Andronikos_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">III. Andronikos<\/a>\u00a0d\u00f6neminde ilk kez i\u00e7 sava\u015f ve\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Megad%C3%BCk\">Megad\u00fck<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Had%C4%B1m_%C4%B0oannis_(Trabzon)\">\u0130oannis<\/a>\u00a0\u00f6nderli\u011finde isyan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun sebebi Andronikos&#8217;un tahta \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz karde\u015flerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrtmesidir. Halk bunu ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lamayarak onun soyunu tahttan men etmi\u015f yerine ise G\u00fcrc\u00fc lider Bekha&#8217;n\u0131n di\u011fer torunu\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Basileios_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">Basileios<\/a>&#8216;u tahta \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Basileios d\u00f6neminde merkezi otorite iyice zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f Samsonlar, Tzanikhitiler, Kamakheniler gibi yerli aileler kendi topraklar\u0131nda \u00f6zerk hareket etmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Basileios, bu hareketlerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc alabilmek i\u00e7in Megad\u00fck\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Lekes_Tzatzintza&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Lekes Tzatzintza<\/a>\u00a0ile o\u011flu Trabzon Ordusu&#8217;nun ba\u015fkomutan\u0131 Tzamba&#8217;ya suikast d\u00fczenletmi\u015ftir. Basileios&#8217;un yerel lordlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesiyle gerginle\u015fen ortama halk\u0131n ho\u015f bakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka durumlar da eklenince bir G\u00fcne\u015f tutulmas\u0131nda halk imparatora ba\u015fkald\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonra Basileios&#8217;u zehirleyen ilk e\u015fi Trabzon taht\u0131na oturmu\u015ftur. Fakat o da Basileus&#8217;un kendisini b\u0131rakarak evlendi\u011fi ikinci e\u015fi\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0rini_(Trabzon_imparatori%C3%A7esi)\">\u0130rini<\/a>&#8216;yi \u00fclkeden kovunca tekrar i\u00e7 sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karadenizli Komninoslar\u0131n haricinde birinin, kendilerinden olmayan bu Konstantinopolisli Krali\u00e7enin tahtta oturmas\u0131ndan rahats\u0131z olan yerlilerden Sebastian Tzanikhiti ve di\u011fer yerli kabileler\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hagios_Eugenius_Manast%C4%B1r%C4%B1\">Hagios Eugenius Manast\u0131r\u0131<\/a>&#8216;n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir. Daha sonra Konstantinopolis&#8217;dan g\u00f6nderilen kuvvetler bu isyan\u0131 bast\u0131r\u0131p ele ba\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 idam ettirseler de Laz Lordlar\u0131ndan Anakutlu&#8217;nun torunu II. Aleksios&#8217;un k\u0131z\u0131\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anna_(Trabzon_imparatori%C3%A7esi)\">Anna<\/a>, yerli askerlerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla Trabzon taht\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmi\u015f, Krali\u00e7eyi de Konstantinopolis&#8217;e geri g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Anna&#8217;n\u0131n tahta ge\u00e7mesi yerlilerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi Yunanlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki etkinli\u011fini kaybetmesi demekti. Bu y\u00fczden Konstantinopolis, hemen Trabzon taht\u0131na ge\u00e7mesi i\u00e7in ve Bizans taraftar\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in-\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mihail_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">Mihail<\/a>&#8216;i desteklemek \u00fczere 3 gemi asker g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Yunanlar taraf\u0131ndan t\u00f6renlerle yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ilan edilen Mihail&#8217;in hakimiyetine ba\u015fta sessiz kal\u0131n\u0131r gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de hemen sabah\u0131na saray\u0131 basan\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazlar\">Lazlar<\/a>, Mihail&#8217;i yaka pa\u00e7a d\u0131\u015far\u0131 atm\u0131\u015f gemilerle gelen Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131 da \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.\u00a0Fakat daha sonra Ceneviz gemileriyle Trabzon&#8217;a gelen\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/III._%C4%B0oannis_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">III. \u0130oannis<\/a>, \u0130mparatori\u00e7e Anna&#8217;y\u0131 bo\u011fdurarak ba\u015fa ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Trebizond1300.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cf\/Trebizond1300.png\/250px-Trebizond1300.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1300&#8217;lerde Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ve etraf\u0131ndaki \u00fclkeler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu 1340&#8217;larda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Veba\">veba<\/a>&nbsp;salg\u0131n\u0131yla sars\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan \u0130talyanlar Giresun&#8217;u ya\u011fmalam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu olaylar \u00fczerine T\u00fcrkmenler de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir orduyla gelerek imparatorlu\u011fu ele ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flarsa da \u00e7ok ciddi kay\u0131plar vererek geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/III._Aleksios_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">III. Aleksios<\/a>&nbsp;i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara bir son vermeyi ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015f ve bunu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Onun d\u00f6neminde \u0130oannis Tzanikhiti&#8217;nin, G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane&#8217;deki Tzantzak\/<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canca_Kalesi\">Canca Kalesi<\/a>\u2019ni ele ge\u00e7irmesi gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Trebizond1400-es.svg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/de\/Trebizond1400-es.svg\/260px-Trebizond1400-es.svg.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">1400&#8217;l\u00fc y\u0131llarda Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Gerileme_D\u00f6nemi_ve_\u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\">Gerileme D\u00f6nemi ve \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fcm i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar, veba salg\u0131n\u0131, depremler, \u0130talyan ve T\u00fcrkmenlerle girilen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu zay\u0131f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve Panaret&#8217;in Kronik&#8217;inde &#8220;felaket&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCrcistan_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1\">G\u00fcrcistan<\/a>&#8216;\u0131n&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Timur\">Timur<\/a>&nbsp;taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgali ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 15. y\u00fczy\u0131la girerken de Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu art\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde T\u00fcrkmenler de Giresun&#8217;a girmi\u015flerdir. Trabzon, Osmanl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ilk kez 1440&#8217;larda ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsa da al\u0131namam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine akabinde \u015eeyh C\u00fcneyd \u00f6nderli\u011findeki T\u00fcrkmenler, Trabzon&#8217;u ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015flarsa da geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Son olarak&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fatih_Sultan_Mehmed\">Fatih Sultan Mehmed<\/a>&nbsp;1461 y\u0131l\u0131nda 140.000 ki\u015filik ordusuyla gelerek yakla\u015f\u0131k bir ayl\u0131k bir direni\u015ften sonra&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon%27un_Fethi\">\u015fehri teslim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Osmanl\u0131_D\u00f6nemi\">Osmanl\u0131 D\u00f6nemi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Trabzon_Vilayeti_haritas%C4%B1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9d\/Trabzon_Vilayeti_haritas%C4%B1.png\/220px-Trabzon_Vilayeti_haritas%C4%B1.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Trabzon Vilayeti<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon, Osmanl\u0131 fethinden sonra da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 eski y\u00f6netim alan\u0131na g\u00f6re eyalete \u00e7evrilmi\u015f bu eyalete de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon_Eyaleti\">Trabzon Eyaleti<\/a>&nbsp;ad\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. 1800&#8217;lerde de daha \u00e7ok k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve ekonomik yap\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re yeniden organize edilen topraklar Canik(Samsun), G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane(Canca), Lazistan(Caneti) ve Merkez (Trabzon) sancaklar\u0131 olmak \u00fczere 4 b\u00fcy\u00fck idari b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fan&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon_Vilayeti\">Trabzon Vilayeti<\/a>&#8216;ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun kurulu\u015fundan cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131na dek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyan idari yap\u0131yla&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon\">Trabzon<\/a>&nbsp;\u015fehri y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l boyunca&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samsun\">Samsun<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ordu_(il)\">Ordu<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Giresun\">Giresun<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhane_(il)\">G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rize\">Rize<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Artvin\">Artvin<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Batum\">Batum<\/a>&nbsp;gibi illerin merkezi stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Toplum\">Toplum<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130mparatorluk halk\u0131 \u00f6teden beri&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ksenofon\">Ksenofon<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arrian\">Arrianus<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prokopius_(tarih%C3%A7i)\">Prokopius<\/a>&nbsp;gibi Antik \u00c7a\u011f&#8217;\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc yazarlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere antik&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kolhis\">Kolkhis Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>&#8216;na dek uzanan Tzanik k\u00f6kenden gelmektedir.&nbsp;Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nda n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu da kadim zamanlardan beri b\u00f6lgede ikamet eden Kafkas k\u00f6kenli Tzanlar (Lazlar) olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum imparatorlukla \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f tarih\u00e7ilerin belgelerine de yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu &#8220;Tzaniti (Lazistan) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131&#8221; olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 durum&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8216;nun kendisi taraf\u0131ndan da onaylanm\u0131\u015f ve Trabzon \u0130mparatoru &#8220;Laz H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131&#8221; olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yine Tzanika\/Canik (Samsun, Ordu, Giresun), Tzantzak\/Canca (G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane), Tzaneti\/Caneti (Rize, Artvin) gibi yer adlar\u0131nda da Tzan izleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Central_and_southern_parts_of_Colchis_and_part_of_Iberia.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Central_and_southern_parts_of_Colchis_and_part_of_Iberia.jpg\/350px-Central_and_southern_parts_of_Colchis_and_part_of_Iberia.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Antik \u00c7a\u011f Tzan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kolkhis.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rum\">Rum<\/a>&nbsp;kelime anlam\u0131 itibar\u0131yla &#8220;Romal\u0131&#8221; demek olup \u00e7o\u011funlukla Bizans vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. M\u00d6 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roma_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&nbsp;ile m\u00fccadeleye giri\u015fen Karadenizliler ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortas\u0131nda yar\u0131m milyonun \u00fczerinde insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcyle sonu\u00e7lanan sava\u015flar sonucunda 1300 y\u0131l s\u00fcrecek Roma hakimiyetine girmi\u015flerdir. Roma b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irse de takip eden y\u00fczy\u0131llarda b\u00f6lgede hakimiyetini tam olarak sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015f 6. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalar ara ara devam etmi\u015f, Roma en elit lejyonlar\u0131ndan &#8220;G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n kullar\u0131&#8221; anlam\u0131na gelen &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lejyon_XV_Apollinaris\">Apollinaris<\/a>&#8221; adl\u0131 lejyonunu Do\u011fu Karadeniz&#8217;de mevzilendirmi\u015ftir.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I._Theodosius\">I. Theodosius<\/a>&nbsp;d\u00f6neminde -halk aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kitleye yay\u0131lmas\u0131ndan da \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc- Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 resmi din olarak kabul eden Roma, MS 4. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonunda Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131nca Do\u011fu Karadeniz topraklar\u0131 Bizans hakimiyetinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu Karadeniz&#8217;de tam bir Roma hakimiyeti sa\u011flamak isteyen&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I._Justinianus\">I. Justinianus<\/a>, General Tzittas komutas\u0131nda bir ordu haz\u0131rlayarak Tzan kabilelerinin \u00fczerine g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Tzanlar par\u00e7a par\u00e7a kabileler halinde ve krals\u0131z ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131ndan&nbsp;birle\u015ferek b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olu\u015fturamam\u0131\u015f bu y\u00fczden Bizans b\u00f6lgede hakimiyetini kurmu\u015ftur. Ancak zaten \u00f6nceden kimlik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fan Tzanlar ile Romal\u0131lar bu kez inan\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geleceklerinden Bizans&#8217;n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lamaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 b\u00f6lgede Rumla\u015fma (Romal\u0131la\u015fma) s\u00fcrecini ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat halk Roma (Rum) vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na asimile olsa bile &#8220;Tzan\/Laz&#8221; gibi isimleriyle kendi kimli\u011fini tan\u0131mlamaya devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu halk\u0131n\u0131 tasvir eden baz\u0131 \u0130talyan gezginler ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Araplar\">Arap<\/a>&nbsp;yazarlar bu halk\u0131n fertlerinin d\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok g\u00fczel olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir.&nbsp;Tarih\u00e7iler de imparatorlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f g\u00fczelliklerini&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kafkas_halklar%C4%B1\">Kafkas<\/a>&nbsp;k\u00f6kenlerine bor\u00e7lu olduklar\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu toplumu gelenek\u00e7i ve feodal bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Yeni gelen din ile anadil de\u011fi\u015fse de ulus yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok da de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Zira ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn olan Tzan aile \u00f6nderleri ve kabile \u015fefleri bazen Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;na ba\u011fl\u0131 hareket etseler de bazen de ba\u015flar\u0131na buyruk hareket etmi\u015fler hatta Trabzon Saray\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n idaresine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. (Bu ulusal yap\u0131 binlerce y\u0131l boyunca b\u00f6yle s\u00fcregelmi\u015f ve yabanc\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir birli\u011fin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na engel olmu\u015ftur.) \u0130\u00e7lerinden en etkilileri &#8220;B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fcka&#8221; unvan\u0131na sahip yerel liderler ve ordu komutanlar\u0131; &#8220;John(Yahya)&#8221;, &#8220;Michael(Mihail)&#8221;, &#8220;David(Davud)&#8221; gibi Hristiyan isimlerine sahip olsalar da &#8220;Tzanikhiti, Kabaziti, Kamakheni..&#8221; gibi yerli soyadlar\u0131 alarak kimliklerini koruma u\u011fruna sergiledikleri duru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye devam etmi\u015flerdir. Bu halk\u0131n sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 konu alan baz\u0131 tarihi kay\u0131tlarda da yine \u0130talyanlar ve Araplar; sava\u015f alan\u0131nda say\u0131ca az olsalar bile Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu halk\u0131n\u0131n korkusuz, av\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7mas\u0131na izin vermeyen \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc aslanlar gibi sava\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 aktarm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Din\">Din<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar G\u00fcne\u015f merkezli Tzan inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu Do\u011fu Karadeniz topraklar\u0131 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Bizans<\/a>&nbsp;hakimiyetiyle Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Tzan_inan\u0131\u015f\u0131\"><strong>Tzan inan\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00f6kleri&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kolhis\">Kolkhis Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>&#8216;na ve daha \u00f6ncesine uzanan yerli Tzan inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 G\u00fcne\u015f merkezlidir. Antik d\u00fcnyada G\u00fcne\u015f&#8217;in Do\u011fu Karadeniz topraklar\u0131ndan y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, Tzanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7en kral\u0131n da G\u00fcne\u015f&#8217;in o\u011flu oldu\u011funa inan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp;\u0130nan\u00e7 bu y\u00f6nleriyle \u00fcnl\u00fc Alt\u0131n Post Efsanesi&#8217;ne yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu inan\u00e7ta ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u011fa\u00e7lar ve ku\u015flar da kutsald\u0131r. Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu Karadenizlilerin bu inanc\u0131n\u0131 bildi\u011finden y\u00f6renin sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 kurnaz bir hamle yaparak &#8220;Apollinaris: G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n sad\u0131k kullar\u0131&#8221; adl\u0131 lejyonunu Tzantzak&#8217;ta (G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fhane) mevzilendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tzan inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 6. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren yava\u015f yava\u015f terk edildi\u011fi bilinse de tam olarak ne zaman geri plana d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bilinmemektedir. Ancak baz\u0131 yerlerde ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nemlere dek gizli gizli bu inan\u00e7lar\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarihi kay\u0131tlara yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karadeniz&#8217;de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Germako%C3%A7i\">Germak&#8217;o\u00e7i<\/a>, Karakoncoloz ad\u0131yla bilinen efsanevi korkun\u00e7 yarat\u0131klar ve suyla ilgili (bazen \u0131slat\u0131lma, y\u0131kanma bazen de sudan ka\u00e7\u0131nma) gelenekler bu antik inan\u0131\u015f\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kalan izleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Hristiyanl\u0131k\"><strong>Hristiyanl\u0131k<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tzan topluluklar\u0131 ilk kez&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazika\">Lazika<\/a>&nbsp;Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6neminde 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda resmi olarak, eski dinlerinden Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda t\u00fcm Do\u011fu Karadeniz&#8217;de y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen faaliyetler yerli kabileleri pagan inan\u00e7lar\u0131ndan Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6neliktir. Bizans bu politikas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik b\u00f6lgede pek \u00e7ok kale ve kilise in\u015fa ettirmi\u015ftir. Tzanlar\u0131n eski inan\u00e7lar\u0131na ve izole ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na d\u00f6nmelerini engellemek u\u011fruna yol a\u00e7t\u0131rmak i\u00e7in de ormanlar\u0131 kestirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp;B\u00f6ylece b\u00f6lgede Hristiyanl\u0131k yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve bunun bir neticesi olarak 600 y\u0131l sonra&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ortodoks_Hristiyan\">Ortodoks Hristiyan<\/a>&nbsp;karakterli, yerel Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu kurulmu\u015ftur. Bahsi ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u00fczere halk Slavlar, Yunanlar ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcler gibi Ortodoks Hristiyanl\u0131k mezhebine mensuptu. Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ortodoks mezhebinin merkezi \u0130stanbul&#8217;daki Romal\u0131lar\u0131n (Rum) Ortodoks Patrikhanesi oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de bu mezhebe ba\u011fl\u0131 topraklar &#8220;Rum topraklar\u0131&#8221; olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantin_Mihailovi%C4%87\">Konstantin Mihailovi\u0107<\/a>, gibi tarih\u00e7ilerin de G\u00fcrcistan&#8217;\u0131 dahi &#8220;Rum \u00fclkesi&#8221; olarak anmas\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu Slav k\u00f6kenli etnik unsurlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Balkan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n da &#8220;Rumeli&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi budur. Bu adland\u0131rman\u0131n sebebi bahsi ge\u00e7en y\u00f6re insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun Ortodoks Hristiyanl\u0131k mezhebine ba\u011fl\u0131 ve \u00f6nemli kesiminin Bizans hakimiyetinde olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktayd\u0131. Y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ll\u0131k bu Roma etkisi \u00f6ylesine \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015fti ki T\u00fcrklerin Anadolu&#8217;da kurdu\u011fu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anadolu_Sel%C3%A7uklu_Devleti\">Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/a>bile &#8220;Rum Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti&#8221; olarak da an\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anadolu,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Orta_Do%C4%9Fu\">Orta Do\u011fu<\/a>&nbsp;\u00f6zellikle de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kafkasya\">Kafkasya<\/a>&#8216;da etkili olan ve sayg\u0131 duyulan Trabzon \u0130mparatorlar\u0131,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papa_IV._Nicolaus\">Papa IV. Nicolaus<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Papa_XXII._%C4%B0oannes\">Papa XXII. \u0130oannes<\/a>&nbsp;taraf\u0131ndan&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Katoliklik\">Katolik<\/a>&nbsp;mezhebine kat\u0131lmaya davet edilseler de imparatorlar bunu reddetmi\u015ftir. Fakat Kafkas Piskoposlar\u0131n\u0131n atanmas\u0131 konusunda \u0130stanbul&#8217;un dahi yok say\u0131lmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlarla da evlilik ba\u011f\u0131 kuran Trabzon \u0130mparatorlar\u0131 bu y\u00fczden baz\u0131 Hristiyan \u00e7evrelerden tepki g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015flerdir. 15. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Trabzon&#8217;un fethiyle&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8216;na ba\u011flanan halk bu tarihten sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f \u0130slam&#8217;a girmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tzaniti Antik Kenti Sivas Koyulhisar&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCzelyurt,_Koyulhisar\">G\u00fczelyurt k\u00f6y\u00fc<\/a>&nbsp;Delik\u00e7e yaylas\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Tzaniti Antik Kentinden geriye yaln\u0131zca \u015fekilli ta\u015flar ve ta\u015ftan taht kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tzaniti Antik Kentinin M\u00d6 1300&#8217;l\u00fc y\u0131llarda ibadethane olarak kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir. \u0130lk Tzan&#8217;l\u0131lar\u0131n do\u011fal ta\u015flara \u015fekil vererek yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Tzaniti Ba\u015f Tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de mevcuttur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Dil\">Dil<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MS 6. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8216;nun resmi dili&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latince\">Latince<\/a>&#8216;den&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yunanca\">Yunancaya<\/a>&nbsp;\u00e7evrilmi\u015f, devlet ve ticaret diline egemen olan Yunanca kilise dili de olunca yeni yay\u0131lan dinle birlikte kutsal bir dil konumuna b\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. &#8220;Tanr\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n Evi&#8221; kabul edilen kiliselerde edilen dualarda Tanr\u0131&#8217;ya ula\u015f\u0131lan dil olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen Yunanca b\u00f6lgede k\u00f6k sal\u0131p yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zan_dili\">Tzan Dili<\/a>&nbsp;geri plana d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f neticede Yunanca kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda erimi\u015ftir. Halk bu yeni gelen dile &#8220;Roma&#8217;n\u0131n Dili, Roma&#8217;ya ait olan dil&#8221; anlam\u0131na gelen &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Romeika\">Romeika<\/a>&#8221; ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zan_dili\">Tzan Dili<\/a>&#8216;nden pek \u00e7ok s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de alarak yay\u0131lan bu yeni dil akademikle\u015fmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in do\u011fal olarak bozuk bir Yunanca olarak kalm\u0131\u015f ve bug\u00fcn Kafkas g\u0131rtla\u011f\u0131yla konu\u015fulan T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin Karadeniz \u015eivesi gibi benzer bir aksanla Yunancay\u0131 konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6re halk\u0131, Yunanlar taraf\u0131ndan her zaman &#8220;Tsannoi\/Lazoi&#8221; yani Lazlar olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015flar b\u00f6ylece \u015five as\u0131l k\u00f6keni belirten bir i\u015faret olarak iki topluluk aras\u0131ndaki mesafeyi her zaman korumu\u015ftur. Bununla birlikte Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu etkisinin daha az g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc do\u011funun sarp kesimlerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck topluluklar Tzan dilini ya\u015fatmaya devam etmi\u015f neticede bug\u00fcn Lazca olarak bilinen dil asimilasyondan kurtulup g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Siyaset\">Siyaset<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Komnene Hanedan\u0131 \u00fcyeleri 100 y\u0131ldan uzun bir s\u00fcre Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu y\u00f6nettiklerinden tekrar eski mevkilerine kavu\u015fmay\u0131 planlayarak oturduklar\u0131 Trabzon taht\u0131nda kendilerini &#8220;T\u00fcm Rumlar\u0131n (Romal\u0131lar\u0131n) H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131&#8221; olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u0130stanbul&#8217;daki Ha\u00e7l\u0131 i\u015fgalinin kalkmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Bizans taht\u0131na oturan&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/VIII._Mihail\">VIII. Mihail<\/a>&nbsp;d\u00f6neminde Trabzon \u0130mparatorlar\u0131n\u0131n bu tutumu ele\u015ftirilmi\u015f ve Trabzon \u0130mparatoru&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/II._%C4%B0oannis_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">II. \u0130oannis<\/a>&#8216;in Rumlar\u0131n (Romal\u0131lar\u0131n) \u0130mparatoru falan olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak Laz Kral\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ortodoks Hristiyan inanc\u0131 sebebiyle \u0130stanbul&#8217;a ba\u011fl\u0131 olan devlet bu y\u00fczden Bizans ile aras\u0131n\u0131 iyi tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Genel olarak G\u00fcrc\u00fclerle,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Megrel\">Megrel<\/a>&nbsp;(Kuzey Tzan) Lordlar\u0131yla ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nemlerde de Akkoyunlu T\u00fcrkmenleriyle iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmi\u015f, \u00f6zellikle Akkoyunlu H\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uzun_Hasan\">Uzun Hasan<\/a>, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;na kar\u015f\u0131 Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun yan\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Karadeniz ticaretine at\u0131lan \u0130talyanlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelinmi\u015f ve Trabzon \u0130mparatorlar\u0131 Karadeniz ticaretinin Ceneviz tekeline girmesini engellemek i\u00e7in Venediklilere baz\u0131 imtiyazlar tan\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bununla birlikte Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun en \u00f6nemli siyasi sorunu i\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalard\u0131r. Devlet kendi i\u00e7inde sava\u015fmaktan y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f bu da yabanc\u0131 topluluklara toprak kaybedilmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Bilim_ve_Sanat\">Bilim ve Sanat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyayla ili\u015fkisini art\u0131ran bir devlet olarak tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda etraf\u0131nda olup bitenden yararlanarak bilim ve sanatta \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015f, astronomi dal\u0131nda kayda de\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmu\u015f \u00f6zellikle tarihi kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tutmas\u0131yla kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015fine az \u00e7ok \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Astronomi\">Astronomi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak y\u00f6nettikleri t\u00fcm devletlerde&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0ran\">\u0130ran<\/a>&nbsp;ile her zaman temasta olmu\u015f olan Karadenizliler, Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde de \u0130ran ile iyi ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmi\u015f ve astronomi alan\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Trabzon&#8217;a ta\u015f\u0131yarak geli\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Bu duruma \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Grigorios_Hioniadis\">Grigorios Hioniadis<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Buhari\">Buhari<\/a>&#8216;den \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi astronomi bilgileriyle d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkesinde bir astronomi okulu kurmu\u015ftur. Bizans, burada geli\u015ftirilerek bir astronomi atlas\u0131 haline getirilen bilgileri Trabzon&#8217;dan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f buradan da Avrupa&#8217;ya yaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Tarih\u00e7ilik\">Tarih\u00e7ilik<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nu kendinden \u00f6nceki \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yerel devletten ay\u0131ran en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi bir Hristiyan krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda kendi tarihi kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 da tutmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r. Devlet tarihi III. Aleksios&#8217;un Ba\u015fdan\u0131\u015fman\u0131&nbsp;Michael Panaret isimli bir saray tarih\u00e7isi taraf\u0131ndan tutulmu\u015ftur. \u0130mparator III. Aleks ile pek \u00e7ok sefere kat\u0131lan Panaret eserinde, 1426 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar tahta ge\u00e7en h\u00fck\u00fcmdarlar\u0131, yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar\u0131 ve i\u00e7 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 konu almaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler Panaret&#8217;in kendinden \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nemler hakk\u0131nda verdi\u011fi bilgilerin kronolojik d\u00fczenine bakarak Trabzon Saray\u0131&#8217;nda bir devlet ar\u015fivi bulundu\u011funu ve yazar\u0131n eserini kaleme al\u0131rken bu ar\u015fivden faydaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.&nbsp;&#8220;Kronik&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu eser&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rus%C3%A7a\">Rus\u00e7a<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frans%C4%B1zca\">Frans\u0131zca<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Almanca\">Almanca<\/a>&nbsp;gibi dillere \u00e7evrilerek yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Mozaik-Fresko\">Mozaik-Fresko<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Ceiling_of_the_Hagia_Sophia,_Trabzon.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3b\/Ceiling_of_the_Hagia_Sophia%2C_Trabzon.jpg\/100px-Ceiling_of_the_Hagia_Sophia%2C_Trabzon.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Trabzon Ayasofya Kilisesi&#8217;nden bir fresk.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu genelinde ra\u011fbet g\u00f6ren bir sanat olan mozaik-fresk sanat\u0131 \u00f6zellikle Hristiyanl\u0131k sonras\u0131 dini objelerin \u00e7izimiyle yayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015f, Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu genelinde in\u015fa edilen kilise ve manast\u0131r gibi yap\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7leri fresklerle bezenmi\u015ftir. Islak s\u0131van\u0131n \u00fczerine dini objelerin tasvir edildi\u011fi eserlerde&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0sa\">\u0130sa<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Meryem\">Meryem<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%82dem_ve_Havva\">\u00c2dem ve Havva<\/a>, melekler ve azizlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra imparatorlar\u0131n tasvirleri de yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Ekonomi\">Ekonomi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ticaret ve bu yolla kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 vergilerle ekonomisini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren devlet geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 tar\u0131m yapmasa da, d\u00fcnya ticaretinde \u00f6nemli bir yeri olan f\u0131nd\u0131k ve \u00fcz\u00fcm yeti\u015ftiricili\u011finde hat\u0131rl\u0131 bir \u00fcne sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Tar\u0131m\"><strong>Tar\u0131m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trabzon topraklar\u0131nda Orta \u00c7a\u011f&#8217;da Tzanika\/Canik ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samsun\">Samsun<\/a>&nbsp;ili topraklar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 tar\u0131m yap\u0131labilecek arazi yoktu. \u0130mparatorluk arazisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ormanl\u0131k alanlar olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 da bu ormanl\u0131k arazilerin zaman i\u00e7inde yer yer yok olmas\u0131yla ekilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu \u00fczere geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi yap\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcn f\u0131nd\u0131kt\u0131r. Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun en \u00f6nemli ihra\u00e7 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden biri olan f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 devlet limanlar\u0131ndan ticari gemilere y\u00fcklenerek bat\u0131l\u0131lara sat\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun 15. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki durumunu anlatan bir Alman da Lazia olarak bahsetti\u011fi Giresun&#8217;da bol miktarda \u015farapl\u0131k \u00fcz\u00fcm yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fini bildirmi\u015ftir. Bunlarla birlikte \u00fclkede geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 meyve \u00fcreticili\u011fi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Ticaret\"><strong>Ticaret<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">13. y\u00fczy\u0131lda t\u00fcm Avrasya&#8217;da etkisini g\u00f6steren Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131 d\u00fcnya tarihinde pek \u00e7ok \u015feyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Merkez olarak \u0130ran&#8217;\u0131n kuzeyindeki&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tebriz\">Tebriz<\/a>&#8216;i se\u00e7en&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0lhanl%C4%B1lar\">\u0130lhanl\u0131lar<\/a>, Karadeniz ticaretinin \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ve o \u00e7a\u011fda ticaretin \u00f6nem kazanmas\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle g\u00fcvenli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan Trabzon Devleti korunakl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131yla bu ticaret yolu \u00fczerinde kilit noktalardan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarihi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0pek_Yolu\">\u0130pek Yolu<\/a>&nbsp;\u00fczerinde b\u00f6yle kritik bir \u00f6neme sahip bir co\u011frafi konumu olan Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu bu avantaj\u0131yla Karadeniz ticaretinde \u00f6nemli bir paya sahip olmu\u015ftur. Ticari \u00f6neminin artmas\u0131yla \u0130talyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 da avantaj\u0131n\u0131 iyi koruyan imparatorlar ba\u015flarda vergiyi y\u00fcksek tutarak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir gelir sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, devlet ihtiya\u00e7 fazlas\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini de d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya ihra\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131 g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, demir, \u015fap, kereste, \u015farap, kuma\u015f ve f\u0131nd\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve demir ustal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadim zamanlardan beri me\u015fhur olan y\u00f6re, zengin ormanl\u0131k arazisi sayesinde kereste ihrac\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6nemli bir gelir kap\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%9Eap\">\u015fap<\/a>&nbsp;maddesini&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anadolu\">Anadolu<\/a>&#8216;yu Karadenizlilerden ald\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6\u011frenen &#8220;Bat\u0131&#8221;,&nbsp;Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde de Karadeniz&#8217;den \u015fap ithal etmeye devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Denizcilik\"><strong>Denizcilik<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda kurulan&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kolhis\">Kolkhis Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pontus_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1\">Pontus Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazika\">Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>&#8216;nda oldu\u011fu gibi Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu da bir deniz devleti olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla imparatorluk \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca Do\u011fu Karadeniz sular\u0131nda devriye gezmek ve ordular\u0131n\u0131 nakletmek i\u00e7in s\u00fcrekli bir donanma bulundurmu\u015ftur.&nbsp;Bu donanman\u0131n komutan\u0131 da B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fcka unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan soylulardan se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Deniz kuvvetleri komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revi Karadenizlilerde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemliydi. \u00c7ok eski \u00e7a\u011flardan beri denizcilikle u\u011fra\u015fan halk\u0131n Roma&#8217;yla giri\u015fti\u011fi m\u00fccadelelerde de kilit rol\u00fc donanma komutanlar\u0131 hatta korsanlar \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Karadeniz-Roma sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sembollerinden biri yine Trabzonlu Laz bir Amiral olan ve &#8220;Yenilmez&#8221; unvan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aniket\">Aniket<\/a>&#8216;tir. \u0130talyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen m\u00fccadelelerde de B\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fcka John Kabazit ve Tzanikhiti gibi \u00f6nemli yerel liderler de Karadeniz&#8217;de can vermi\u015fler ve &#8220;Amiral&#8221; olarak an\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130mparatorluk donanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck hantal gemiler yerine orta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte ve seri bir \u015fekilde manevra yapabilecek gemilerden olu\u015fuyordu. Bu gemi t\u00fcrleri genel olarak&nbsp;<em>griparon<\/em>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<em>paraskalmion<\/em>&nbsp;olarak an\u0131lan ve Karadeniz&#8217;e has \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6steren gemilerdir. Bununla birlikte Tzanlar\u0131n (Lazlar\u0131n) kendilerine has ve k\u00f6kleri antik Kolkhis&#8217;e dayanan&nbsp;<em>meneksila<\/em>&nbsp;tipi teknelerinin Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u00e7e\u015fitli formlarda geli\u015ferek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Metalurji\"><strong>Metalurji<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Metal i\u015fleme konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00fcne sahip olan Karadeniz kabileleri,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antik_%C3%87a%C4%9F\">Antik \u00c7a\u011f<\/a>&#8216;\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc destanlar\u0131ndan Alt\u0131n Post Efsanesi&#8217;ne ve &#8220;G\u00fcne\u015f&#8217;in \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdi\u011fi G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f&#8217;\u00fcn diyar\u0131ndan gelenler&#8221; olarak an\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 &#8220;\u0130lyada Destan\u0131&#8221;na konu olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Karadeniz kabilelerinin bu yetenekleri Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde de devam etmi\u015f, madencilik \u00fclke ekonomisinde \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmu\u015ftur. Fakat imparatorlu\u011fun zengin maden yataklar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Torul\">Torul<\/a>&nbsp;civar\u0131 T\u00fcrkmenler taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilince madencilik faaliyetleri sekteye u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, imparatorlu\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 Torul Lordu&#8217;nun T\u00fcrkmenlere kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadelelere ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde durmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Sava\u015f_Aletleri\"><strong>Sava\u015f Aletleri<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antik \u00c7a\u011f kaynaklar\u0131nda genel olarak balta kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bilinen Karadeniz kabilelerinde Orta \u00c7a\u011f&#8217;da k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu hakimiyetinde gerek maden i\u015fletmeleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan yakacak ihtiyac\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7 kesimi yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f, gerekse Bizans&#8217;\u0131n asimilasyon politikas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sistemli bir \u015fekilde ormanlar katledilmi\u015ftir. Do\u011fu Karadeniz&#8217;deki bu do\u011fa tahribat\u0131 dolayl\u0131 olarak atl\u0131lar\u0131n daha kolay hareket edebilecekleri araziler meydana getirmi\u015f bu durum da s\u00fcvari birliklerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na ortam haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ok\u00e7u s\u00fcvari ve m\u0131zrakl\u0131 s\u00fcvari birliklerinden olu\u015fan Trabzon Ordusu&#8217;nu k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7l\u0131 piyade birlikleri tamamlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"N\u00fcmizmatik\"><strong>N\u00fcmizmatik<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antik Karadeniz sikkeleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda estetik \u00f6zelli\u011fini kaybetti\u011fi g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpan Trabzon sikkeleri genel olarak imparatorlar\u0131n siluetleri baz al\u0131narak tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Para bas\u0131m\u0131nda ba\u015fta g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f temel al\u0131nsa da I. Andronik d\u00f6neminde ilk Trabzon alt\u0131n sikkesi bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lerleyen d\u00f6nemlerde G\u00fcrcistan&#8217;da da yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flayan Trabzon sikkeleri devletin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomisinin g\u00f6stergelerinden biri olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"Mimari\">Mimari<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ev in\u015fas\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Do\u011fu Karadeniz ev mimarisinin \u00f6nc\u00fcl formlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u00f6neminde, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00f6nemli turistik merkezler haline gelen manast\u0131rlar, kiliseler ve kaleler in\u015fa edilmi\u015f, var olan yap\u0131lar da onar\u0131l\u0131p geli\u015ftirilerek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mimaride genel olarak G\u00fcrc\u00fc mimarisinden etkilenildi\u011fi g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"2\">Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">1204-1461<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Banner_of_the_Empire_of_Trebizond.svg\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Portolan_haritas%C4%B1\">Portolan haritas\u0131da<\/a>&nbsp;tasvir edilen \u00e7ift ba\u015fl\u0131 kartal bayra\u011f\u0131 (1385)<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Byzantine_eagle_(Trebizond).svg\"><\/a>Arma<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Map_of_the_Empire_of_Trebizond.svg\"><\/a>1204&#8217;te&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Latin \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8216;nun kurulu\u015fundan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu. Haritada&#8217;da&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_(Trabzon_ortak_imparatoru)\">David<\/a>&#8216;in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karadeniz_Ere%C4%9Fli\">Herakleia Pontike<\/a>(daha sonra&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0znik_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">\u0130znik \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&nbsp;taraf\u0131ndan fethedildi) ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinop\">Sinope<\/a>&#8216;nin (daha sonra&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anadolu_Sel%C3%A7uklu_Devleti\">Anadolu Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti<\/a>&nbsp;taraf\u0131ndan fethedildi) fethini i\u00e7eren k\u0131sa s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f seferleri g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir.<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>T\u00fcr<\/th><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8216;nun halefi <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/G%C3%BCrcistan_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1\">G\u00fcrcistan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/a>&#8216;n\u0131n&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ba%C4%9F%C4%B1ml%C4%B1_devlet\">ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 devleti<\/a>&nbsp;(1204-1227)<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mo%C4%9Fol_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8216;nun Vasal\u0131 (1243-1336)<\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Ba\u015fkent<\/th><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon\">Trabzon<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Resm\u00ee dil(ler)<\/th><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pontus_Rumcas%C4%B1\">Pontus Rumcas\u0131<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th colspan=\"2\"><\/th><\/tr><tr><th>Yayg\u0131n&nbsp;dil(ler)<\/th><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lazca\">Lazca<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bat%C4%B1_Ermenicesi\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bat%C4%B1_Ermenicesi\">Bat\u0131 Ermenicesi<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eski_Anadolu_T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7esi\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eski_Anadolu_T%C3%BCrk%C3%A7esi\">Eski Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7esi<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liguryaca\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Liguryaca\">Liguryaca<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latince\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latince\">Latince<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Resm\u00ee din&nbsp;<\/th><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rum_Ortodoks_Kilisesi\">Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>H\u00fck\u00fbmet<\/th><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monar%C5%9Fi\">Monar\u015fi<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon_h%C3%BCk%C3%BCmdarlar%C4%B1_listesi\">H\u00fck\u00fcmdar<\/a><\/th><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u2022&nbsp;1204-1222&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I._Aleksios_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">I. Aleksios<\/a>\u2022&nbsp;1238-1263&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/I._Manuil_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">I. Manuil<\/a>\u2022&nbsp;1280-1297&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/II._%C4%B0oannis_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">II. \u0130oannis<\/a>\u2022&nbsp;1349-1390&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/III._Aleksios_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">III. Aleksios<\/a>\u2022&nbsp;1459-1461&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/David_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">David<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Tarih\u00e7e<\/th><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u2022&nbsp;Kurulu\u015fu&nbsp;1204\u2022&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Konstantinopolis_Ku%C5%9Fatmas%C4%B1_(1204)\">Konstantinopolis Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 (1204)<\/a>12 Nisan 1204\u2022&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mo%C4%9Fol_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Mo\u011fol \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&#8216;na boyun e\u011fme&nbsp;1243\u2022&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sinop\">Sinope<\/a>&#8216;nin kal\u0131c\u0131 kayb\u0131&nbsp;1265\u2022&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/II._%C4%B0oannis_(Trabzon_imparatoru)\">II. \u0130oannis&#8217;in<\/a>&nbsp;\u0130mparatorluk iddialar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mesi&nbsp;1282\u2022&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon_%C4%B0%C3%A7_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1\">\u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015flar<\/a>1340-1349\u2022&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trabzon%27un_Fethi\">Trabzon&#8217;un Fethi<\/a>15 A\u011fustos 1461<\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\"><strong>\u00d6nc\u00fcller<\/strong><strong>Ard\u0131llar<\/strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"22\" srcset=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/84\/Double-headed_eagle_of_the_Byzantine_Empire.png\/30px-Double-headed_eagle_of_the_Byzantine_Empire.png 1.5x, https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/84\/Double-headed_eagle_of_the_Byzantine_Empire.png\/40px-Double-headed_eagle_of_the_Byzantine_Empire.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/84\/Double-headed_eagle_of_the_Byzantine_Empire.png\/20px-Double-headed_eagle_of_the_Byzantine_Empire.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Osmanl%C4%B1_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"13\" srcset=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg\/30px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 1.5x, https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg\/40px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/03\/Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg\/20px-Fictitious_Ottoman_flag_2.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ceneviz_Cumhuriyeti\">Ceneviz Cumhuriyeti<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"10\" srcset=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/73\/Flag_of_Genoa.svg\/30px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 1.5x, https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/73\/Flag_of_Genoa.svg\/40px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/73\/Flag_of_Genoa.svg\/20px-Flag_of_Genoa.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodoro_Prensli%C4%9Fi\">Theodoro Prensli\u011fi<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Coat_of_arms_of_Gothia.svg\/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gothia.svg.png 1.5x, https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Coat_of_arms_of_Gothia.svg\/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gothia.svg.png 2x\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Coat_of_arms_of_Gothia.svg\/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_Gothia.svg.png\" alt=\"\"><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th><\/th><\/tr><tr><th><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu_tarihi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&nbsp;tarihi<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kategori:Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu_tarihi\"><strong>dizisinin<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;bir par\u00e7as\u0131<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dosya:Byzantine_Empire_animated.gif\"><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>\u00d6nc\u00fcl<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roma_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/a>&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dominatus\">Dominatus<\/a><\/em><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Erken d\u00f6nem (330-717)<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tetrar%C5%9Fi\">Tetrar\u015fi d\u00f6nemi<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Konstantin_ve_Valentinianus_hanedanlar%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Konstantin-Valentinianus d\u00f6nemi <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodosius_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Theodosius d\u00f6nemi<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leo_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Leo d\u00f6nemi<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=J%C3%BCstinyen_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=J%C3%BCstinyen_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">J\u00fcstinyen d\u00f6nemi <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Herakleios_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Herakleios d\u00f6nemi <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yirmi_Y%C4%B1ll%C4%B1k_Anar%C5%9Fi\">Yirmi Y\u0131ll\u0131k Anar\u015fi<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Orta d\u00f6nem (717-1204)<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%C4%B0saurya_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0130saurya d\u00f6nemi<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nikiforos_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Nikiforos d\u00f6nemi <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frigya_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Frigya d\u00f6nemi <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Makedon_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Makedon d\u00f6nemi<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dukas_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Dukas_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Dukas d\u00f6nemi <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Komninos_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Komninos d\u00f6nemi <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Angelos_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Angelos d\u00f6nemi<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem (1204-1453)<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/D%C3%B6rd%C3%BCnc%C3%BC_Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1_Seferi\">D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi<\/a>&nbsp;ve&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frankokrasi\">Latin idaresi<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Latin_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Latin \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ahaya_Prensli%C4%9Fi\">Ahaya Prensli\u011fi <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frankokrasi#Frank_ve_Latin_Ha%C3%A7l%C4%B1_devletleri\">di\u011ferleri <\/a>Bizans ard\u0131l devletleri&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0znik_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">\u0130znik<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epir_Despotlu%C4%9Fu\">Epir<\/a>\/<a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Selanik_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu\">Selanik<\/a><a>Trabzon<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Theodoro_Prensli%C4%9Fi\">Theodoro<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Paleologos_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Paleologos_Hanedan%C4%B1_d%C3%B6neminde_Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Paleologos d\u00f6nemi <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mora_Despotlu%C4%9Fu\">Mora Despotlu\u011fu<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu%27nun_gerilemesi\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu%27nun_gerilemesi\">Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8217;nun gerilemesi<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0stanbul%27un_Fethi\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C4%B0stanbul%27un_Fethi\">Konstantinopolis&#8217;in D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><th>Konular\u0131na g\u00f6re<\/th><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_donanmas%C4%B1\">Donanma<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_ekonomisi\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_ekonomisi\">Ekonomi<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_b%C3%BCrokrasi_ve_aristokrasisi\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_b%C3%BCrokrasi_ve_aristokrasisi\">H\u00fck\u00fbmet<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_ordusu\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_ordusu\">Ordu<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_sanat%C4%B1\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bizans_sanat%C4%B1\">Sanat<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu_zaman_%C3%A7izelgesi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Kronoloji<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%9Eablon:Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu_tarihi\"><abbr title=\"Bu \u015fablonu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcle\">g<\/abbr><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C5%9Eablon_tart%C4%B1%C5%9Fma:Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu_tarihi\"><abbr title=\"Bu \u015fablonu tart\u0131\u015f\">t<\/abbr><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/tr.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%C5%9Eablon:Bizans_%C4%B0mparatorlu%C4%9Fu_tarihi&amp;action=edit\"><abbr title=\"Bu \u015fablonu de\u011fi\u015ftir\">d<\/abbr><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kaynak\u00e7a Wikipedia <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&nbsp;ya da&nbsp;Tzaniti (Lazistan) Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131&nbsp;(Yunanca:&nbsp;\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b6\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, baz\u0131 kesimler taraf\u0131ndan bilinen halk dilindeki ad\u0131yla&nbsp;Trabzon &#8220;Rum&#8221; \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu),&nbsp;Orta \u00c7a\u011f&#8216;da&nbsp;Do\u011fu Karadeniz&#8216;de kurulmu\u015f yerel krall\u0131k.&nbsp;D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferi&nbsp;s\u0131ras\u0131nda&nbsp;Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu&#8216;nun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131ndan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015f (Mart\/Nisan 1204) ve 257 y\u0131l boyunca&nbsp;&#8220;Roma \u0130mparatoru&#8220; olarak Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015flerdir. Genelde Trabzon \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu olarak bilinen devletin s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan 3 ismi vard\u0131r: Caniti\/Tzaniti:<a href=\"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/?p=62\"> &#8230;read more.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-62","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=62"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":69,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/62\/revisions\/69"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=62"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=62"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=62"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}