{"id":148,"date":"2026-02-11T14:42:54","date_gmt":"2026-02-11T11:42:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/?p=148"},"modified":"2026-02-11T14:46:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T11:46:37","slug":"hristiyan-konsilleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/?p=148","title":{"rendered":"Hristiyan Konsilleri\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da <strong>Hristiyan konsillerinin (konsillerinin) siyasi etkileri<\/strong> ile <strong>mezheplerin olu\u015fumuna etkisini<\/strong>, tarihsel ve analitik bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele al\u0131yorum. Konuyu \u00f6zellikle <strong>devlet\u2013din ili\u015fkisi<\/strong> ve <strong>merkez\u00ee otorite<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan netle\u015ftirdim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hristiyan kons\u00fclleri (konsilleri)<\/strong>, Kilise\u2019nin inan\u00e7 esaslar\u0131n\u0131, doktrinleri ve kilise d\u00fczenini belirlemek i\u00e7in toplanan resm\u00ee kurullard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle erken d\u00f6nem konsilleri, Hristiyan teolojisinin temelini \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da <strong>en \u00f6nemli (ek\u00fcmenik) Hristiyan konsilleri<\/strong> ve k\u0131sa \u00f6zetleri yer al\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Ek\u00fcmenik Konsiller<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. \u0130znik Konsili (325)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Toplayan:<\/strong> Roma \u0130mparatoru Konstantin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Konu:<\/strong> \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n Tanr\u0131sall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> Aryanizm reddedildi, <strong>\u0130znik \u0130nan\u00e7 Bildirgesi<\/strong> kabul edildi. \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n Baba ile <em>ayn\u0131 \u00f6zden<\/em> (homoousios) oldu\u011fu ilan edildi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. I. \u0130stanbul Konsili (381)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Konu:<\/strong> Kutsal Ruh\u2019un Tanr\u0131sall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> Teslis \u00f6\u011fretisi tamamland\u0131. \u0130znik \u0130nanc\u0131 geni\u015fletildi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Efes Konsili (431)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Konu:<\/strong> Meryem\u2019in konumu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> Meryem\u2019e <strong>Theotokos (Tanr\u0131 Do\u011furan)<\/strong> unvan\u0131 verildi Nestorius\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri reddedildi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Kad\u0131k\u00f6y (Kalkedon) Konsili (451)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Konu:<\/strong> \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n <strong>tek ki\u015fide iki do\u011fas\u0131<\/strong> (tam Tanr\u0131 \u2013 tam insan) oldu\u011fu kabul edildi. Monofizitlik reddedildi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x26a0;&#xfe0f; Bu karar baz\u0131 Do\u011fu kiliseleriyle ayr\u0131\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. II. \u0130stanbul Konsili (553)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Konu:<\/strong> Kad\u0131k\u00f6y kararlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 teolojik metinler mahk\u00fbm edildi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. III. \u0130stanbul Konsili (680\u2013681)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Konu:<\/strong> \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n iradesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Sonu\u00e7:<\/strong> \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n <strong>iki iradesi<\/strong> (ilahi ve insani) oldu\u011fu kabul edildi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. II. \u0130znik Konsili (787)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Konu:<\/strong> \u0130konalar (tasvirler)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong> \u0130konlara sayg\u0131 me\u015fru kabul edildi. Putperestlikten ayr\u0131m\u0131 netle\u015ftirildi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Daha Sonraki Konsiller<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Katolik Kilisesi<\/strong>, 21 ek\u00fcmenik konsil kabul eder (\u00f6r. <strong>Trento<\/strong>, <strong>I\u2013II. Vatikan Konsilleri<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Ortodoks Kiliseleri<\/strong>, genellikle ilk <strong>7 konsili<\/strong> ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kabul eder<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Protestan gelenek<\/strong>, konsilleri tarihsel referans olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr, nihai otorite olarak kabul etmez<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>K\u0131sa \u00d6zet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Konsiller = <strong>Hristiyan inanc\u0131n\u0131n resm\u00ee \u00e7er\u00e7evesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Ana tart\u0131\u015fmalar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Teslis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u0130sa\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Kilise otoritesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u0130badet bi\u00e7imleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>I. S\u0130YAS\u0130 ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Devletin Dini Tan\u0131mlama G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130znik Konsili (325) ile birlikte:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Roma \u0130mparatoru <strong>ilk kez inanc\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan otorite<\/strong> konumuna ge\u00e7ti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u201cOrtodoksi\u201d (do\u011fru inan\u00e7) ile \u201cheretiklik\u201d (sapk\u0131nl\u0131k) <strong>hukuki sonu\u00e7lar<\/strong> do\u011furdu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x27a1;&#xfe0f; <strong>Din, devlet d\u00fczeninin par\u00e7as\u0131 h\u00e2line geldi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Birlik Sa\u011flama Arac\u0131 Olarak \u0130nan\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roma\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Ortak inan\u00e7 = <strong>siyasi birlik arac\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Ayr\u0131 yorumlar = <strong>ayr\u0131l\u0131k ve isyan riski<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6rnek:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Aryanl\u0131k Germen kavimlerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Merkez\u00ee Roma Kilisesi, Aryanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>siyasi tehdit<\/strong> olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Konsil Kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Zorla Uygulanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Konsil kararlar\u0131na uymayanlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 S\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 G\u00f6revden al\u0131nd\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde cezaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x27a1;&#xfe0f; <strong>Teolojik kararlar devlet g\u00fcc\u00fcyle korundu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Do\u011fu\u2013Bat\u0131 G\u00fc\u00e7 Rekabeti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Konsili (451):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u0130stanbul Patrikli\u011fi\u2019nin stat\u00fcs\u00fc y\u00fckseldi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Roma (Papa) ile \u0130stanbul aras\u0131nda <strong>otorite rekabeti<\/strong> ba\u015flad\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 1054 <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Ayr\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong>\u2019a (Katolik\u2013Ortodoks b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi) zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Ulus-Devlet Mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Erken Prototipi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Krallar kendi b\u00f6lgelerinde kilise kontrol\u00fc istedi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Konsil kararlar\u0131 <strong>merkez\u00eele\u015fmeye hizmet etti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x27a1;&#xfe0f; \u201cTek inan\u00e7 \u2013 tek d\u00fczen \u2013 tek otorite\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>II. MEZHEPLERE ETK\u0130S\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Konsiller Mezhep Do\u011furdu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her b\u00fcy\u00fck konsil:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Bir yorumu \u201cdo\u011fru\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Di\u011ferini \u201cd\u0131\u015far\u0131da\u201d b\u0131rakt\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu da <strong>kurumsal ayr\u0131\u015fmalar<\/strong> yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Sonras\u0131 Ayr\u0131lan Kiliseler<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kad\u0131k\u00f6y Konsili\u2019ni reddedenler:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Ermeni Apostolik Kilisesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>S\u00fcryani Ortodoks Kilisesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>K\u0131pti Ortodoks Kilisesi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x27a1;&#xfe0f; Bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 ayr\u0131 mezhepler olarak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Katolik \u2013 Ortodoks Ayr\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sebep:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Papal\u0131k otoritesi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Kutsal Ruh\u2019un kayna\u011f\u0131 (Filioque)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Kilise y\u00f6netimi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Konsiller:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Bu farklar\u0131 <strong>resmile\u015ftirdi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Uzla\u015fmay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Dolayl\u0131 Tepkisi<\/strong> 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Luther ve reformcular<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Konsilleri <strong>insan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc otorite<\/strong> olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x27a1;&#xfe0f; \u201cSola Scriptura\u201d (yaln\u0131zca Kitap) anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fdu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Mezhepler Aras\u0131 Hiyerar\u015fi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Konsil kabul edenler \u2192 \u201cAna ak\u0131m\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Reddedenler \u2192 \u201cHeterodoks\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu ayr\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Siyasal me\u015fruiyet<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Toplumsal stat\u00fc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Hukuki koruma gibi alanlar\u0131 do\u011frudan etkiledi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>III. GENEL DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Konsiller sadece din\u00ee toplant\u0131lar de\u011fildir:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u0130nan\u00e7 = iktidar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Teoloji = siyaset dili<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Mezhep = siyasi kimlik<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu nedenle: Hristiyanl\u0131kta mezhepler, yaln\u0131zca inan\u00e7 fark\u0131 de\u011fil,<strong> tarihsel iktidar m\u00fccadelelerinin \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Vatikan\u2019\u0131n papaya Vatikan d\u0131\u015f\u0131na seyahat izni vermesi<\/strong>, tek bir \u201cizin\u201d karar\u0131yla de\u011fil; <strong>1929 Lateran Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan <strong>hukuki ve siyasi stat\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi<\/strong> ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da net ve kronolojik bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yorum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KISA CEVAP<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x1f449; <strong>Papalar\u0131n Vatikan d\u0131\u015f\u0131na serbest\u00e7e seyahat edebilmesi, 1929 Lateran Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DETAYLI A\u00c7IKLAMA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. 1870\u20131929: \u201cVatikan Mahk\u00fbmu\u201d D\u00f6nemi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 1870\u2019te \u0130talya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, <strong>Papal\u0131k Devletleri\u2019ni ilhak etti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Papa, kendisini:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cVatikan\u2019da hapsedilmi\u015f\u201d (Prigioniero del Vaticano)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">olarak ilan etti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Bu d\u00f6nemde:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Papalar <strong>Vatikan d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u0130talya\u2019y\u0131 ve Roma\u2019y\u0131 <strong>gayrime\u015fru<\/strong> sayd\u0131lar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Seyahat siyasi olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olsa bile <strong>bilin\u00e7li olarak reddedildi<\/strong> &#x26a0;&#xfe0f; Bu bir <strong>fiil\u00ee k\u0131s\u0131tlama + siyasi protesto<\/strong> durumuydu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. 1929 Lateran Antla\u015fmas\u0131 (K\u0131r\u0131lma Noktas\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Taraflar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Vatikan (Papa XI. Pius)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>\u0130talya (Mussolini y\u00f6netimi)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Antla\u015fma ile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Vatikan \u015eehir Devleti ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z devlet olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Papa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fc kazand\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Diplomatik dokunulmazl\u0131k elde etti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Uluslararas\u0131 seyahat hakk\u0131<\/strong> hukuken g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#x1f4cc; \u0130\u015fte bu noktadan sonra <strong>\u201cizin\u201d de\u011fil, egemenlik hakk\u0131<\/strong> s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Fiil\u00ee \u0130lk D\u0131\u015f Seyahat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u0130lgin\u00e7 bi\u00e7imde: <strong>1929\u2019dan sonra da papalar uzun s\u00fcre \u0130talya d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u0130lk b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131r\u0131lma:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Papa VI. Paul \u2013 1964<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Kud\u00fcs ziyareti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Tarihte:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Vatikan d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kan ilk modern papa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u0130lk kez bir papa <strong>u\u00e7a\u011fa bindi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 So\u011fuk Sava\u015f ve dinler aras\u0131 diyalog a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sembolik bir ad\u0131m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u00d6ZET TABLO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>D\u00f6nem<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Durum<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1870\u20131929<\/td><td>Papa fiilen Vatikan\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1929<\/td><td>Lateran Antla\u015fmas\u0131 \u2013 hukuki serbestlik<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1964<\/td><td>\u0130lk aktif d\u0131\u015f seyahat (VI. Paul)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz<\/td><td>Papalar k\u00fcresel diplomatik akt\u00f6r<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>S\u0130YAS\u0130 ANLAM (\u00d6NEML\u0130)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 1929 sonras\u0131 papa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Sadece din\u00ee lider de\u011fil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 <strong>Devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 + k\u00fcresel akt\u00f6r<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Papal\u0131k seyahatleri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Diplomasi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Yumu\u015fak g\u00fc\u00e7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 K\u00fclt\u00fcrel hegemonya arac\u0131 h\u00e2line gelmi\u015ftir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Hristiyan konsillerinin (konsillerinin) siyasi etkileri ile mezheplerin olu\u015fumuna etkisini, tarihsel ve analitik bir \u00e7er\u00e7evede ele al\u0131yorum. Konuyu \u00f6zellikle devlet\u2013din ili\u015fkisi ve merkez\u00ee otorite a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan netle\u015ftirdim. Hristiyan kons\u00fclleri (konsilleri), Kilise\u2019nin inan\u00e7 esaslar\u0131n\u0131, doktrinleri ve kilise d\u00fczenini belirlemek i\u00e7in toplanan resm\u00ee kurullard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle erken d\u00f6nem konsilleri, Hristiyan teolojisinin temelini \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da en \u00f6nemli (ek\u00fcmenik) Hristiyan konsilleri<a href=\"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/?p=148\"> &#8230;read more.<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-iman"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=148"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":151,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148\/revisions\/151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cihankama.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}